Fractional calculus is a branch of mathematical analysis that extends the traditional concepts of differentiation and integration to non-integer orders. It deals with derivatives and integrals of non-integer order, also known as fractional orders. This field has applications in various scientific disciplines such as physics, engineering, signal processing, and control theory. Fractional calculus also helps to describe complex phenomena such as fractals, viscoelastic materials, and anomalous diffusion. It provides a powerful tool for modeling and analyzing systems that exhibit memory and long-range interactions.